Aspartame is a calorie-free artificial sweetener about 200 times sweeter than table sugar, which is why it is commonly used in “diet,” “sugar-free” or “light” products.

Its biggest risk is for people born with phenylketonuria (PKU): the phenylalanine released from aspartame builds up in their bodies and has a toxic effect. For the general consumer it is considered safe unless taken in excessive amounts; however, when overconsumed it may cause headaches, stomach sensitivity and sweet cravings in some people.

BHT is a synthetic antioxidant used as a preservative in foods and cosmetics to keep fats and oils from oxidizing, spoiling and turning rancid in taste and smell.

Although it is considered safe within permitted limits, excessive consumption or individual sensitivity may lead to allergic reactions, skin sensitivity and digestive discomfort. For that reason, people who want to avoid chemical additives tend to steer clear of it.

Titanium dioxide is a mineral-based colorant widely used in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries to give products a bright white color and opacity.

The main concern is that the possibility of its nanoparticles accumulating in the body and causing damage at the cellular level (DNA damage) cannot be ruled out. Because of these safety concerns, its use in food has been banned in the European Union and Turkey.